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Human Relations
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Ways of Explaining Workplace Bullying: A Review of Enabling, Motivating and Precipitating Structures and Processes in the Work Environment

Denise Salin

Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Helsinki, Finland, denise.salin{at}hanken.fi

This article summarizes the literature explaining workplace bullying and focuses on organizational antecedents of bullying. In order to understand better the logic behind bullying, a model discussing different explanations is put forward. Thus, explanations for and factors associated with bullying are classified into three groups, enabling structures or necessary antecedents (e.g. perceived power imbalances, low perceived costs, and dissatisfaction and frustration), motivating structures or incentives (e.g. internal competition, reward systems and expected benefits), and precipitating processes or triggering circumstances (e.g. downsizing and restructuring, organizational changes, changes in the composition of the work group). The article concludes that bullying is often an interaction between structures and processes from all three groupings.

Key Words: aggression • bullying • harassment • review • work environment

Human Relations, Vol. 56, No. 10, 1213-1232 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/00187267035610003
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