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DOI: 10.1177/001872679204501001 Role of Identification with a Group, Arousal, Categorization Processes, and Self-Esteem in Sports Spectator AggressionDepartment of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, or to NYLA @ UKANVM via bitnet
Murray State University. Previous attempts to account for the occurrence of spectator aggression have employed one of the long-standing theories of aggression (i.e., instinctual theories, drive reduction models, and the social learning perspective). While support for some aspects of these theories has been documented, a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon might direct research to more fruitful avenues. Such an analysis is proposed in this review. In addition to incorporating well-documented concepts such as physiological arousal and modeling, this new viewpoint includes the motivational aspects of team or group identification, the cognitive component of categorization, and the esteem-enhancing consequences of aggressive behavior. A model of the variables leading to spectator aggression is presented, and it is contrasted with prior theoretical viewpoints. Public policy implications for aggression reduction among sports spectators are discussed.
Key Words: intergroup conflict social identities hostile sports fans outgroup derogation
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